Coca Cola Company Operations Pakistan Marketing Essay

Coca Cola Company Operations Pakistan Marketing Essay INRTODUCTION The Coca-Cola Company started their operations in Pakistan in 1953. Coca-Cola, Sprite and Fanta are the available brands in Pakistan. The System of Coca-Cola in Pakistan operates through eight bottlers, four of that are majority-owned by Coca-Cola Beverages Pakistan Limited (CCBPL). The CCBPL plants are awailable in Karachi, Gujranwala, Multan, Hyderabad, Lahore, Faisalabad, Rahimyar Khan and Sialkot. The other two plants, separately owned, are in Peshawar Rawalpindi. The Coca-Cola serves 70,000 customers/retail outlets in Pakistan. 1,800 people work system of Coca Cola in Pakistan. With in the last two years, over $130 million (U.S.) were invested by the Pakistan Coca Cola system. More than 56 years of refreshment period in Pakistan Coca-Cola was introduced in Pakistan 1953 Fanta was introduced in Pakistan 1965 Sprite was introduced 1972 Diet Coke Fanta Lemon was introduced 200 Since 1897Coca cola international productions have been sold in Mexico. Now Coco cola controls 60% of the Mexican soda market, further Pepsi with 30%. Further Mexican president Foxs before becoming a politician he was working as president of the Coca-Cola Corporation of Latin America Mexico. After his victory, Coca-Cola started bottling water by the wealthiest aquifer in the Chiapan town of San Cristà ³bal de las Casas, an ecological reserve controlled by a conservation group Pronatura that receives money from the Coca-Cola Mexico. In 2004, the Coke plant at San Cristà ³bal de las Casas used 107,332,391 water liters about as much as 200,000 homes use. In a country where over 12 million general public are without access to drinkable water, Mexican groups have started on a boycott against Coca-Cola basically motivated by Cokes increasing authority of Mexican water. So the object of this report is to critically evaluate the strategy and performance of any ONE US, European or Asian company over the last five years in any two emerging markets in different regions of the world. According to that the report describes Coca Cola Companies performance strategies in US Asian reigns by using Pakistan Mexico emerging markets. FINANCIAL REPORT: It is owing to the strong finances, the company is still existing the ups down of the business. The financial report of Coke the year 2000 2001along with the percentage change is as below. 2002 basic diluted net income per share includes a non-cash gain of $.02 per share after taxes that were recognized on the issuance of stock by Coca-Cola Enterprises Inc., one of the equity investors of the company. Charges are partly balance by a gain of $.05 for each share after income taxes related to the merger of Coca-Cola Beverages plc Hellenic Bottling Company S.A. $.04 per share after income taxes linked to benefits from a tax rate reduction in Germany from positive tax planning strategies. DIVIDEND AND CASH INVESTMENT PLAN: The Dividend Cash Investment Plan authorizes shareowners of record to invest again dividends from Company shares of The Coca-Cola Company. The Plan offers a systematic, economical convenient method of acquiring extra shares of our common stock. All the shareowners of record are suitable to participate. Shareowners are also may purchase stock through voluntary cash investments of up to $125,000 for year. In year-end, 76 % of the Companys shareowners of record were participants in the Plan. In 2002, shareowners did invest $36 million in dividends $31 million in money in the Plan. COMPANY STATISTICS: This companys statistics are inspiring. Since it is operating all over the places in the world because of that the number of employees the bottling equipments is uppermost among the other companies of bottling. There is a constant raise in every aspect when mach the statistics of 2001 the statistics of 2002. This is because; Coca Cola Company is increasing its volume day by day. The spreading out of this company that shows the victory of Coca Cola brands, results in the percentage vary in the statistics of the two years. The statistics is as below. (EBITDA) -Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization, other non-operating items Did convert to a standard unit of assess defined as 24 eight-ounce servings or else 192 ounces for each equal case sold by Coca-Cola Enterprises. PRODUCTS: The Coca Cola Company produces carbonated drinks as well as other drinks while launching companys product, the marketing department considers the culture the sub cultures of the country. Coca Colas major brands à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Coke à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Diet coke à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Sprite à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Coke classic à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Fanta http://htmlimg4.scribdassets.com/7lva67i2vf9rsu8/images/18-60ed37e055/000.jpg STRATEGIC PLANNING In 2002, the coca cola company did have a great success, as the strategy did work that resulted in making Company the worlds leading company. In 2001, company did accomplish the top of its strategy as; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢global volume enlarged by 4 %with strong international growth of 5% clear signs that our North American business is growing steadily expectable. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Earnings per share did grow by 82 %, as we carried on our commitment to Create volume growth aggressively. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Return on common equity grew from 23 %in 2000 to 38 %2001 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Return on capital increased from 16 %in 2000 to 27 %in 2001. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢The free cash flow has bean generated by the company. Thats from $2.8 to $3.1 billion. In 2000,a clear indication of its underlying financial power. The strategy for the potential of the coca cola company is more straightforward. The marketing strategy for the next year is in this manner, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢The speed up carbonated soft-drink growth, led by Coca-Cola Company. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Selectively widen the group of beverage brands to drive profitable development. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Increase system profitability ability jointly with the companies bottling associates. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Treat consumers with creativity steadiness to generate development across all Channels. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Direct investments to the highest potential regions across markets. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Cost-effectiveness Drive efficiency all over the place. http://htmlimg2.scribdassets.com/7lva67i2vf9rsu8/images/24-7d0ce9e592/000.jpghttp://htmlimg2.scribdassets.com/7lva67i2vf9rsu8/images/24-7d0ce9e592/000.jpg COCA COLA MEXICO Within the soft drinks Sprite Fanta become positively along with the key brand Coca Cola Diet Coke. In key markets, the company has formed new packaging sizes to satisfy customer demands. More and more, Mexican domestic families have lunched together at home. The lot of Mexican household drinks 2-1/2or more of soft drinks during that break, while a two liter bottle was the biggest available package. Therefore the company initiated a convenient 2-1/2 liter bottle to choose regions, involving to the sale of nearly 1.5 billion unit cases of Coke in Mexico. The bigger bottle will complete its island wide rollout in 2002. Since 1897Coca cola international productions have been sold in Mexico. Now Coco cola controls 60% of the Mexican soda market, further Pepsi with 30%. Further Mexican president Foxs before becoming a politician he was working as president of the Coca-Cola Corporation of Latin America Mexico. After his victory, Coca-Cola started bottling water by the wealthiest aquifer in the Chiapan town of San Cristà ³bal de las Casas, an ecological reserve controlled by a conservation group Pronatura that receives money from the Coca-Cola Mexico. In 2004, the Coke plant at San Cristà ³bal de las Casas used 107,332,391 water liters about as much as 200,000 homes use. In a country where over 12 million general public are without access to drinkable water, Mexican groups have started on a boycott against Coca-Cola basically motivated by Cokes increasing authority of Mexican water. COCA COLA PAKISTAN The Coca-Cola Company started their operations in Pakistan in 1953. Coca-Cola, Sprite and Fanta are the available brands in Pakistan. The System of Coca-Cola in Pakistan operates through eight bottlers, four of that are majority-owned by Coca-Cola Beverages Pakistan Limited (CCBPL). The CCBPL plants are awailable in Karachi, Gujranwala, Multan, Hyderabad, Lahore, Faisalabad, Rahimyar Khan and Sialkot. The other two plants, separately owned, are in Peshawar Rawalpindi. The Coca-Cola serves 70,000 customers/retail outlets in Pakistan. 1,800 people work system of Coca Cola in Pakistan. With in the last two years, over $130 million (U.S.) were invested by the Pakistan Coca Cola system. More than 56 years of refreshment period in Pakistan Coca-Cola was introduced in Pakistan 1953 Fanta was introduced in Pakistan 1965 Sprite was introduced 1972 Diet Coke Fanta Lemon was introduced 200 PROMISE OF COKE The fundamental proposition of the business is plain, firm timeless. When we bring refreshment, joy value fun to the stakeholders, then we successfully nurture protect our brands, mainly Coca-Cola. That is the key to fulfill ultimate duty to provide consistently attractive returns to the holder of the business. TARGET MARKET Cokes commercials mainly focused on young generations, for the reason that they want to represent Coke with the youth energy further they think about the matured people they take then as a co-target market. MAJOR SEGMENTS Major segments are mainly those who take Coke daily those areas where the demand is higher then the other areas. A lot of people who take Coke daily those who take weekly those who take rarely are always there as well. So, the Pakistan Coca Cola companys basic segments are those who have this drink often. FACTORS EFFECTING SALES There are lots of factors that affect the sale of Coca Cola. Three major factors are being discussed that effect coke. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Per capita income à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Competitors à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Weather Per Capita Income ThaÃÆ' ¯ss the major factor that influences the sale of this carbonated soft drink. For the reason that each every passing year budgets are becoming more strict tight in order to purchase things. Consequently the disposable revenues of the people are getting lower. They pay out heavily on rents, utilities, education basic necessities thereafter when they erne extra money they think about this carbonated soft drink .thus the get down of per capita income does effect badly in selling production of this carbonated soft drink. to go through with this difficulty there is need to increase the level of per capita Income of Pakistan therefore it is lesser than the other the countries. Competitors Coca Colas main competitor is PEPSI % there is no suspect to say this because every body knows that all the other cold drinks and water, tea, coffee, are the players. Weather This is immature market so the Coca Colas usage in winters is 40% in summers is 60%. MAJOR CUSTOMERS NEED Most of the consumers dont care about what they are going to take. They dont care before drinking that whether it is Coca Cola or Pepsi. They dont actually feel more differentiation among these two brands according to the tastes. Buyers normally have what they get. They believe on WHAT COLD THEY SOLD Customers availability in brands is normally happens such as: Push availability Pull consumers demand. According to this reason Coca Cola have supplied their coolers freezers in to the market. Further have utmost number of freezers coolers in the market. They supply these infrastructures free of charge just to supply child coke to the customer that they want to be bought. The mechanics salesman often go all the shops to check infrastructure .If there is any problem change or repair it. http://htmlimg4.scribdassets.com/7lva67i2vf9rsu8/images/27-52c1d1da9f/000.jpg MAJOR COMPETITORS If consumers want to have soft drink they compete brands with each other. For instance compete Coke with Pepsi Sprite with 7up team. The Coca Cola Company thinks in a different way, they believe that new competitor AMRAT Cola, RC Cola, all the other juices, they take even water tea as their competitors. STRATEGIES OF QUALITY After macro micro analysis Brand Coca Cola is mainly role 1. Improve rivalry moments 2. When people do watch cricket 3. throughout commercialization 4. Enjoyable time Because of these strategies there can be better understanding better connection with the community. These are the main consumption. THREATS FROM COMPETITORS All of the Threats are well planned. The key threat is price. When the exact price whether comes down or goes higher thats effects the consumption of carbonated drink. For the reason that when the price goes higher consumers go for the substitute of coke such as Pepsi. when price goes down they think that there should be some thing wrong in that. In short that all depends on customers awareness. TARGETS THAT WOULD LIKE TO ATTAIN Survival of every organization is depending on profit. Thus Coke is also searching for a maximum of profit margin. We could identify three major ways to earn profits. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Over night profit à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Windfall profit à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Ethical and un-ethical ways Over Night Profits This is for the best brand for the year. This can be got increasing sales volume Windfall Profit They are the extras earnings. When the consumption is on boom. So, there are different types of profits. Ethical and Unethical Ways Profits can earn ethically or unethically. Company believes on this quote Every thing is fare in love and war. Further they can earn profit through diverse approaches. EXPANDING TARGET MARKET In last 2 years Coca Cola came back very aggressively. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Consumer has got choice à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Attractive brand name à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Brand differentiating Consumer Has Got Choice Consumers know the name of other big brand, even though Coca Cola is the 2nd best name but it can get the best place after some period. Attractive Brand Name Now buyers know the Name of Coca Cola, since Coke is the name thats the populist after the word ok. Thus consumers can better differentiate brands with others. Brand Differentiation Now different brands are available in the market. Thus, consumers can differentiate between brands. The best players coke and Pepsi also have some different kinds of brand names either. Coca Colas Brand Coca Cola think about the togetherness, being people together and friends are being together. Coca Cola hardly believes that Pakistani temperament is us Pepsis Brand They use the temperament of me. In contrast to Coke they do believe on individual struggle. OPPORTUNITIES THREATS FOR PRICE Opportunities There are some taxes company must pay such as 20% excise duty 03% In making Budge 15% sales tax 27% goes to government Not only for taxes but for electricity chargers, distribution chargers, after paying all of those chargers the price of a coke can increase up consumer have to pay these as taxes. These are the opportunities through which we can increase the price and can get profits. The Coca Cola Company gets those as their opportunities to increase the margin of rates as well as for increases their profits Threats There are some threats in increasing prices of products. If for instance, Coke increases for 1 rupee. Then people definitely will not go for Coca Cola they transfer to Pepsi. So these are the threats when coke increases its prices of products. STRATEGIES OF GETTING GOALS HIGH PROFITS There are many ways That Coca Cola can increase its profits. Some key ways are as follows. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ increasing volume à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢customers interest level à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ join with energetic festivals The way of increasing volume of consumers Coca Cola can increase the consumer volume by expanding the Coke industry. By using advertisements, attract people towards this product by offering very attractive interesting things. The way of increasing the interest level of consumers Increase the interest level of customers by using different flavors. For instance Coke is increasing the flavors in Fanta, through offering different flavors Coke can enhance the Level of customers these profits can be increased. The way of joining energetic festivals Coca cola is most of the time taking part in the festival such as Basant since during last 3 years. Coke erne high income consumption of Coke is increased on these occasions. In 2002 consumers were waiting that what interesting program Coke is going to present. MARKETING STRATEGY Coca Colas domestic marketing strategy enables Coke to listen all people around the world asking for soft drinks that span the entire occasions spectrum of tastes. What consumers want in a beverage is a reflection of who they are, how they work play, where they exist, how they relax recharge. We are determined not only to make great drinks, but also to contribute to societies over the world through Cokes commitment to, health, wellness, education diversity. Coke does its best to be a good neighbor, again and again shaping the business decisions to develop the quality of life in the communities in that do business. Thats a special object to have thousands of friends over the world, they never forget that. http://htmlimg1.scribdassets.com/7lva67i2vf9rsu8/images/32-d224ae62b1/000.jpg MARKET POSITIONING Product Range The Pakistan total range of Coca Cola products à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Coke. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Diet Coke. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Fanta. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Sprite. And also company presents its products in different bottle sizes these includes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢PET 1.5 (1.5 litter plastic bottle) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢SSRB (standers size returnable bottle) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢NRB (no return bottle) or disposable bottle à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢CANS (tin pack 330 ml) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢LRB (litter returnable bottle) Packing There are different kinds of packing available. Such as, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢6 bottle pack for 1.5 pets à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢24 cans in one pack. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢12 bottles in a pack for disposable bottle à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢24 regular bottle shell PRICE STRATEGY Trade Promotion Coca Cola Company presents incentives to middle men or vendors in way that they gives them free models free empty bottles, because of that retailers middle man motivate to push their product in the sell thats the reason coca cola seen more in the market and they have a good sale in the market because according to the expert that product seen more in the market that sells more. Seen as sold The company makes agreements with a shop keepers stores to special sale in those stores. These stores are mainly called as KEY accounts in local words. the Coca Cola Company also invest large budget on these stores gives them free samples some time cash incentives free bottles. Various Price in Different Seasons Some times Coca Cola Company changes their productions prices according to that season. The best season for Pakistan beverage industry is summer. But for winter the scenario in totally posit. Reduce prices to maintain the sales profit. But in general they decrease the prices of their1 litter glass bottle pet bottles. PROMOTION STRATEGIES Getting shelves They takes or do purchase shelves in big departmental stores display their products in that shelves in that style that show product very clear very attractive for the customers. Eye Catching Position Their salesman positions their freezers their products in eye- catching places. Usually the company keeps freezers near the entrance. Sale Promotion Even company does sponsorships with various college schools cafes sponsors their sports many extra curriculum activities for catching market share. Under the crown scheme (UTC Scheme) Coca cola frequent do this type of scheme they offer very attractive prizes in it. Such as once they offer bicycles, caps, cash prizes, tv sets etc. DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS There are two types of selling in Coca Cola Company Direct selling Indirect selling Direct Selling In direct selling they supply using their own transports. They have approximately 450 vehicles to distribute their bottles. Company earn more profit when they use this type of selling . Indirect Selling Company has its whole agencies sellers to cover all the area. Even its so difficult to available the products to customers by their own distribution so they use the whole sellers and agent to distribute products to their consumers. FACILITATING THE PRODUCT BY INFRASTRUCTURE For providing their productions in fine manner company provide infrastructure Such as: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Free empty bottles and shells for bottles à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Freezers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Display racks à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Vizi cooler ADVERTISEMENT They use many medias à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Billboards and holdings à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Pos material à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Tv commercial à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Print media Print Media They frequently use print media for their advertising. There is a separate department in Coca Cola Company for print media. POS Material Point of sale material that includes: posters stickers display in the stores in different places. TV Commercials As everyone knows that TV is a very popular entertaining medium. So Coke Company does regular TV commercials on different channels. Billboards and Holdings Coca cola is more aware about their billboards holdings. They have lots of sites in different regions for its billboards. EXPECTATIONS FOR THE COMING YEAR Every thing happens because of the consumers behavior. Company identified if they want to attract consumers they must throw the money away. positive felling with the brand, that they used to have Coca Cola wants to advertise its goods heavily in the next coming year. itll take the 10% of their income. when we do take it as an international level it is $ I billion. Next year is the challenging year for the Coca Cola industry. They need to take a lot of decisions that how to enhance the production where they have to spend money. For success in coming year Coca cola need to have some special things such as: 1. Loyal customers are important for success of the company. 2. Workers need to be the brand focus not the promotion focus. 3. They need to understand how much for the brand purposes. 4. They must know that how much to do the promotion work for brand. HOW COKE DECIDES THE ANNUAL BUDGET Coke decides its annual budget by the, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Sales volume à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Target volume à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Profitability Sales Volume Coke decides its annual budget through the volume of sales. They first think on whats the condition of its sales? if the condition is fine of its sales then company certainly increase their production sales If not they think on their older strategies. Profitability: The next thing that they decide budget is the profit. If Coke getting profits with the higher border, then Coke definitely wants to increase their profits in the next years. Every association runs on the basis of receiving higher profits. No the association wants to face failure in their business. To erne profit is the first main concern of Coke. Target Volume: Each every industry has some targets to run their business that they want to achieve in an exact time period. If industry reaches those goals in that period then for the next year it increases the amount of the target. So Coke go after the same thing it has also some objectives targets to complete in the given time schedule. When they succeed to reach that aim then they enhance their target volume in the future. SALES PROMOTION ACTIVITIES Coca-Cola Concerts Coca-Cola Cricket Coca-Cola Wonder of the World Promotion Coca-Cola Food Mela Coca-Cola Basant Festival Coca Cola TV Mazza Coca-Cola GO-RED Coca-Cola Party in a Park Coca-Cola Pet Promotion Coca-Cola Ramzan Campaign Coca-Cola Nokia Coca-Cola Mc Donalds Fanta Sprite Launched Diet Coke Coca-Cola Shopping Festival CONCLUSION Coca Cola without any doubt come the heart beat of Mexicans and Pakistanis. The strategy performance of Coca Cola is working for them the production is gaining attractive with youth daily in Mexico Pakistan. After completing the report, concluded some sort of recommendation for the Coca Cola Company, as follows. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Coca Cola Company should try to highlighting more on supplying their infrastructure in the market to treat their consumers. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢According to a survey, the organization that has dun the survey identified especially Pakistani people like little bit sweeter Coca Cola drink. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Coca Cola marketing team should try to enhance the availability of Coca Cola products in ruralarias. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Coca Cola should also focus the middle age old citizens. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Nowadays young population has a trend to have coke 2 regular bottles at same time, for providing them more satisfaction, company must sagest  ½ liter bottle to the market. There after by concentrating on that, Coca Cola Company can achieve their potential expected vision inside of the immerging markets.

Key Learnings from a Microeconomics Class for Mba Students

30. 11. 2012 Key learnings from Micro Economics module It was a very informative session and an eye opener. I was under the impression that economics only deals with fiscal and monetary policies. This was my first acquaintance with micro economics and it opened up a new perspective. I am in a position now to understand many events that happen every day around me. I am able to have a broad idea about how these events may have a direct or indirect impact on me as an individual (professionally as well as personally) and to an organisation.Detailed below are a few (but not all) significant points that were new to me : Law of Demand & Supply : The quantity demanded of a good falls when the price rises and the quantity supplied of a good rises when the price rises. Price of a good adjusts to bring the quantity supplied and demanded into balance. Other determinants of consumers demand include income, price of substitutes, expectations etc. Any change in these factors shifts the demand curve . Equilibrium : A situation where market price is at a level at which supply and demand quantity equals.Equilibrium of supply and demand maximizes the sum of consumer and producer surplus. Surplus : A situation in which supply is greater than demand Consumers’ surplus : Buyers’ willingness to pay for a good minus the amount the buyer actually pays for it. It measures benefit buyers gets by participating in a market. Producers’ surplus : The amount sellers receive for their goods minus their costs of production. It measures benefit sellers get from participating in a market. Dead Weight Loss : The fall in total surplus that results from a market distortion. Marginal Utility :Additional utility derived by consuming additional unit quantity of goods. Competitive markets : Prices in a perfectly competitive market always equal marginal cost of production. To maximise profit firms chooses output quantity such that marginal revenue equals marginal cost. A Monopolistica lly competitive market is characterized by attributes like many firms, differentiated products and free entry. Each firm in a monopolistically competitive market has excess capacity. There is standard deadweight loss of monopoly caused by the mark up of price over marginal cost.The product differentiation inherent in monopolistic competition leads to the use of advertising and brand names. Oligopoly is a market structure in which only a few sellers offer similar or identical products. Above concepts also clarified how Marginal cost, Sunk cost, Average Cost, Variable cost and Fixed cost help in determining sustainability of doing business and how they help in arriving at decisions like â€Å"maximize profit† or â€Å"continue to produce to cover costs†. Concepts of monopolistic and perfect competition along with examples covered in the class were apt for digesting the underlying principles.It also helped to understand how political/governmental interferences balances or imbalances the market forces and thus effecting the price and/or consumers’ and producers’ behaviour. Price Discrimination (PD) : Important concept on types of price discrimination used by various industries and businesses were interesting to know. I am a consumer of discriminated prices since birth however, never realized that I am a victim or beneficiary of the same. How business use it to their advantage. Concepts of types of PD and their application was an eye opener and gave me a new perspective to look at the market competition in a different way.Others : Prisoner’s Dilemma and Rivalry in Consumption, never heard off but fun to understand. How externalities (positive or negative) influence producers. Tragedy of common and enclosure movement were also unknown but not any longer. In conclusion : I have been thru’ above every day of my life but was never able to understand it the way I am able to do it now. Biggest surprise of all to me was that the u nderlying theme of all these is Microeconomics. And, I thought Economics is one field and was unaware of micro and macro.

How to Cope with Book Report Papers without Actual Reading

Students frequently face an assignment to write book report papers during their time at the university. Sometimes they are asked to write pieces on books that they really like, but sometimes (even very often) they have to deal with writing the reports on books that are not to their liking. They would like to do anything, but read the book. Still, they have to cope with that pesky assignment to get an excellent grade. So, how can a student skip actual reading the book and write an ‘A+’ book review? Finding book report online and just copying it is a plagiarism, and it is not worth the risk. Instead, here are some simple ways to do it. Whichever you will choose is up to you. Watch the Film Watch more than one, if you have some time to put them on while taking care of something else! If there is a film that does a good job of capturing the plot elements accurately, you can really get good knowledge of the book without actually having to wade through hundreds of pages. Beware of movies that only nod at the actual plot of the books; when a filmmaker takes creative liberties with a novel’s events, it might be fun for casual entertainment, but a professor will smell a rat right away. Look online to find out if there is a film that will provide you with an acceptable substitute for reading the book to help you prepare your report paper. You can even throw a little party for the other students, arranging an evening viewing a film and help everybody out with their grades. Read the Book’s Summary on the Internet What did people do before the Internet, you’ll ask yourself, as you pull up a website like Sparknotes or Cliff Notes that gives you as much information (or as little, let’s be honest) as you want about the book that your professor has assigned you to read. You can explore all of the details of the plot, read chapter summaries, and even explore some major themes to help you come up with a convincing paper. Who knows – you might even surprise yourself and learn something new. It is possible that you were held back from reading the book, simply because you did not understand what was going on, and a Sparknotes version can help you get your bearings and stay interested in the story. Read the Wikipedia Page about the Book Different from a Sparknotes summary, the Wikipedia page for a given book will provide you with a list of main characters, their relationships to each other, and the history of the author. You will be able to track original sources at the bottom of the page, so you can find them and cite them for your own paper. It is important to take notes as you go along; if you outline your paper while you are learning new information, you will not get confused (especially if you are wading through hundreds of pages of Tolstoy with all those confusing nicknames). You see that there is no reason to fall apart if you have no time to read a book. Choose one of the provided variants to cope with such a hard issue, and to write a perfect paper.

Art, America And Jumping Off The Cliff - 1597 Words

â€Å"Some Thoughts About Art, America And Jumping Off The Cliff† is an article written by Meredith Monk. Within this article she touches on topics such as the following: Be ready for your next inspiration, when you don’t know something it’s easier to manipulate it and Jumping off the cliff, etc. For starters, â€Å"Be ready for your next inspiration† literally means to be prepared for your next adventure. Secondly, Monk says. â€Å"When you don’t know something it’s easier to manipulate it† signifies the fact that people will obtain advantage of you if you lack knowledge, experience or resources that they have. Lastly, the metaphor â€Å"Jumping off the cliff† is not a literal statement, she doesn’t literally mean jumping off a cliff she simply means take†¦show more content†¦Most importantly, the two subjects that grasped my attention were Manipulation and the principle of being ready for the next inspiration simply because she provided an exceedingly valid approach for these topics. Meredith Monk is an American composer, performer, director, vocalist, filmmaker and choreographer. Monk was born on November 20th, 1942 in New York, NY. She was exposed to music and dance at an early age simply because on both sides of her family there were musical people. Later, her mother enrolled her in Dalcroze Eurhythmics classes which are courses that taught movement through music. These courses heavily impacted Monk because since then she has always thought of those two concepts as one unified subject. She is identified as one of the most distinctive and influential artists. in addition, she was one of the first enterprises of extended vocal techniques (an advanced way of utilizing singing to create precise sounds that are unusual to singing domains). Likewise, Meredith also, was one of the first enterprises of Interdisciplinary performance, which are performances that are combined with at least one other regulation in a way that affects them respectively and forms a compound . Furthermore, Monk assembled her reputation by the stretching of her voice, enthusiasm, raps (speaking in a harsh sounding voice), and primitive wordless yowls. Her musical background and reputation gives herShow MoreRelatedGeorge E. Johnson s Sam Patch : The Famous Jumper Uses A Mill Worker s Personal Background1312 Words   |  6 Pageseconomic gain from the Industrial Revolution was formidable. Unfortunately, the working class was forced to endure hazardous working conditions. For Sam Patch— a nineteenth century daredevil exhibitionist with nothing to his name— leaping from tall cliffs was a form of visual oppression designed to challenge the authority of well-respected political leaders of the upper class. 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